Kevin Grose, Coordinator of Communications and Knowledge Management Services at the UNFCCC, discusses virtual participation, explaining how this is “a natural growth in the maturity of the global community on the internet”. He discusses the challenges and the benefits to rolling this out in the UNFCCC meetings. First steps are to engage the wider observer community online, tackling the issue of numbers of attending observer oganisations. He reiterates benefits of lower emissions and greater inclusion mentioned by James Lovegrove from TechAmerica and Sven-Erik Krüger from Microsoft.